Manage Trash at School

The Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Take heart - even one small action does make a difference when it comes to recycling!

·         Find out what's happening in your school.

·         Set something up in your class.

·         Start with a waste audit.

·         List all the items your school throws away. Don't forget places like the classrooms, playground, office and library.

·         Weigh the rubbish from a day's collection.

·         Make a chart showing the different items that are being thrown away. Think about ways these items could be recycled.

·         Set up a recycling centre, with clear labels on each bin used. Differently coloured bins might be a good way to help even the youngest children at school learn the correct bins to put items in.

Radically refusing to rubbish can be easily remembered with following the saying - Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.

·         Refuse to create rubbish - refuse plastic shopping bags when you can take along a bag of your own. Refuse to buy items that use wasteful packaging.

·         Reduce the amount of rubbish created by sorting rubbish into items that can be recycled.

·         Reuse items whenever possible. For example, paper can be written on both sides, milk cartons can be used again as plant pots.

·         Recycle items by using the recycling centres at landfill and transfer stations, or mending and repairing items so they don't need to be discarded.

Make compost.

Compost is natural fertiliser and soil conditioner that can be made at school or home from organic wastes. In a compost heap, these wastes are converted into rich humus by tiny soil micro-organisms, insects and earthworms.

Compost heaps should be about 1 metre square and half to 1 metre high. Manufactured compost bins are neat, covered containers that can fit in a small space. However, it is easy to make your own.

Compost bins have no bottoms and should be placed on the bare ground. The composting process works best in warm, moist locations.

Recycling paper 

Everybody uses paper in many ways. We use paper to write on, draw pictures on, to print documents from the computer, to wrap presents in and to read about the world new.

 However, paper does take up space in our landfills, and can be recycled.
Most landfills and transfer stations offer paper and cardboard recycling facilities. It is important to separate the two correctly as they are made through different processes.

Most waste paper is used to make paperboard, with some being used in printing and writing paper, tissues and toilet paper. Egg cartons, produce trays and hospital equipment are also made from recycled paper.

White paper has historically been made through bleaching with chlorine. The chemicals used are highly toxic and these can poison rivers and marine areas from waste containing papers made this way. Some manufacturers are using environmentally friendly methods of bleaching using oxygen and ozone

Lamin House

Lamin House of Dayak

Physical Structures of Lamin
Just like the other traditional houses of Dayak, Lamin House is built on very long poles because it is inhabited by tens families. All the materials used to build Lamin house are black long lasting ulun timber. 

Lamin is usually built facing the direction of river with basic form as rectangle. The length of Lamin sometimes reaches 200 meters and wide is about 20 until 25 meters. There are big statues made of wood on the yard surrounding the house used for ancestor worship. 
Lamin is a kind of Rumah Panggung because of the space underneath the house. The height of the space reaches 4 meters. There are ladders made from trees’ trunk in order to get on the house. The ladders can be relocated and moved up and down. . These structures are designed to anticipate the threat of the wild animals.
Social Functions
Because it has a long and big size of house, it can take 200 inhabitants in it. A village of Dayak usually has only 3 Lamin houses, and every village led by a headman called Bakas Lewu or Ungko Lewu. 
In the beginning, Lamin was inhabited by many families in the rooms. But, unfortunately the tradition is faded. The front part of Lamin is a long porch or veranda for holding ceremonies, such as wedding, birth, death, harvest party, etc. behind the porch are bars of big rooms. Each room should be inhabited by 5 heads of families.
The house inhabited by nobles and headman is usually decorated with beautiful ornaments or engraving, from all of the pillars, walls, and the top of the roof. The ornaments on the top sometimes stick out 3 or 4 meters. The wall of nobles’ house is usually made from board, but the public’s is made from wood leather.
The quantities of the ornaments on Lamin House indicate the level of the owner of the house. Dragon head or hornbill ornaments on the roof of the nobles’ house symbolize bravery and the high level of human beings.

Bugis House

A visitor to the smaller towns and villages of Bali would be forgiven for thinking that temples adorn every street corner and all of the spaces in between. High walls with the smallest of doorways allow only the briefest of views by passers-by, while above the walls there are tantalizing glimpses of exquisitely carved shrines, some no larger than birdcages. However, these are all in fact private residences, more properly called compounds or karangs, which may house several generations of Balinese families at one time.

A Balinese home is the result of a complex interweaving of various elements – a kind of feng shui (the interaction of the physical world with the spirit one), economic wealth, caste, kinship ties and practical social requirements.  To begin with, Balinese compounds are surrounded by high walls and have only a single small entrance, called the angkul-angku, at the side bordering the street. Entrance-ways define the threshold between inside and outside and are viewed ambivalently by Balinese: on one hand they admit welcome visitors, while on the other hand they can allow malign spirits to enter. Thus it important that the entranceway be small, and that immediately inside one faces another smaller wall called the aling-aling, placed specifically to baffle uninvited spirits who are normally only capable of traveling in straight lines.  As a further safeguard a small shrine is often built just in front of the house facing the road. Offering of flowers and coconut leaves are placed in it to make spirits pause and reconsider any intention of entering.

Within the compound, on the northern boundary wall, one is immediately faced with the family temple, actually a collection of at least five small shrines, usually placed on high pedestals. These are dedicated to ancestor worship, specific Hindu gods (largely dependant on family caste) and other, more ancient spirits or nats. A small pavilion near the eastern side of the temple complex, called thebale dangin, is traditionally used for ceremonial purposes.  Further within the compound there is a number of small houses or open sided pavilions, usually around a main house (bale dauh) built on the western side: this is occupied by the current head of the family and his immediate family, while the smaller dwellings house visiting relatives and children.  Towards the south, the pawon or kitchen sits, consisting of 2 rooms, one open sided for cooking, the other closed to store cooking materials. Behind the kitchen is typically a granary, livestock pens, vegetable garden, fruit trees, well and sanitation facilities.